Belgium Reverses Nuclear Phase-Out Policy
On May 15, 2025, a significant shift occurred in Belgium’s energy policy as the federal parliament voted overwhelmingly to repeal a law that had mandated the phase-out of nuclear power since 2003. This legislative change marks a pivotal moment in the country’s energy landscape, allowing for the construction of new nuclear generating capacity and signaling a renewed commitment to nuclear energy.
The Background of Belgium’s Nuclear Policy
Belgium’s commitment to phase out nuclear energy began with a law passed on January 31, 2003, which outlined a systematic shutdown of nuclear reactors over time. Initially, the plan called for the closure of the Doel 1 reactor on its 40th anniversary in February 2015. Changes in the law in subsequent years allowed for extensions, but it led to closures of other reactors, like Doel 3 and Tihange 2 in 2022 and early 2023, respectively. The timeline appeared set for the eventual shutdown of the remaining reactors, Doel 4 and Tihange 3, by November 2025.
The Shift in Legislative Momentum
In light of the energy crises exacerbated by global conflicts, particularly the Russia-Ukraine war starting in February 2022, the Belgian government re-evaluated its energy strategy. Negotiations began with Electrabel, the country’s nuclear operator, to explore the feasibility of extending operations for these reactors. This culminated in a legislative initiative spearheaded by Member of Parliament Mathieu Bihet, who, after becoming energy minister, submitted a text to parliament advocating for the repeal of the phase-out policy.
During a plenary session on May 15, the “Bihet Law” was passed, with an impressive 102 votes in favor, only eight against, and 31 abstentions. The government declared this event a historic turning point in Belgian energy policy, emphasizing a need for a realistic and resilient energy model that would bolster energy independence and reduce carbon emissions.
Industry Reaction to the Repeal
The decision has been positively received by various stakeholders within the nuclear energy sector. The Belgian Nuclear Forum welcomed the repeal, describing the previous phase-out law as an "aberration" that negatively impacted the country’s energy policy. Serge Dauby, the forum’s managing director, articulated that this legislative change is more than symbolic; it is a historic milestone for Belgium. He emphasized the need for a concrete, stakeholder-driven task force to ensure a comprehensive and pragmatic approach to the future of nuclear energy in the country.
Dauby’s statements resonate with a wider sentiment within the nuclear community that prioritizes rational discourse over ideological opposition to nuclear energy. Identifying nuclear power as part of an integrated energy strategy has emerged as a critical focus for industry leaders as they initiate plans for future developments.
Denmark’s Reconsideration of Nuclear Energy
On the same day Belgium made a pivotal decision, Denmark also took a significant step regarding its energy future. After a 40-year moratorium on nuclear power—dating back to 1985—Danish parliamentarians voted in favor of investigating the prospects for nuclear energy in light of improving energy security. Minister for Climate, Energy, and Utilities, Lars Aagaard, pointed out that while Denmark is heavily reliant on solar and wind power, a diverse energy mix will help ensure stability and reliability.
The Danish inquiry will address several crucial questions, such as the safety of nuclear technology, the management of nuclear waste, and the overall readiness of authorities to respond to potential crises. A report outlining the possible benefits of new nuclear technologies is anticipated next year, reflecting a cautious yet progressive approach toward nuclear energy.
Implications for Energy Policy in Europe
The recent actions in Belgium and Denmark signify a broader trend in energy policy within Europe. Countries are reconsidering their previous stances on nuclear power in light of the pressing need for energy security and the ongoing transition to low-carbon energy sources. Belgium’s repeal of the phase-out law and Denmark’s exploratory measures reflect a growing acceptance of nuclear energy as a viable solution to meet energy demands, combat climate change, and ensure a stable energy future.
As these developments unfold, they will likely set the stage for further discussions and reforms in energy policies across Europe. The renewed focus on nuclear energy not only impacts national strategies but also aligns with the European Union’s broader goals of achieving energy independence and sustainability in the face of evolving global dynamics.
